Statistical methods and techniques in the social sciences using SPSS
This book is a brief description of the most basic statistical analysis procedures for quantitative and qualitative data. It was designed primarily for students or teachers taking courses in educational research methodology and for anyone who wishes to design and implement their own research. The presentation of the statistical data analysis procedures is done in parallel with the presentation of the SPSS data processing and statistical analysis environment. In any case, an introduction to the theoretical part of the statistical procedures is first made and then, following specific examples mainly from the educational research, the analysis of the data, the reading and interpretation of the results, as well as the formulation of the conclusions are presented in detail in the SPSS environment.First, a description is made of the basic statistical concepts needed for analyzes using SPSS, as well as the main stages of conducting a quantitative survey. Next, a brief presentation of basic statistics describing the distribution of a variable, independent and dependent sample research designs, and parametric and nonparametric hypothesis testing are presented. Additionally, on the one hand, the model of multiple linear regression and logarithmic regression are examined, and on the other, an introduction to exploratory factor analysis (Factor analysis), as well as to the steps required for this analysis in the SPSS environment. Finally, validity and reliability issues are presented that should be considered when investigating the factor structure of a scale.